The Second Anglo-Mysore War was fought between the Kingdom of Mysore, led by Tipu Sultan, and the British East India Company. The war took place from 1780 to 1784 and was a direct consequence of the increasing tensions and conflicts between Mysore and the British over territorial control and trade interests in southern India.

Causes of the War: The causes of the Second Anglo-Mysore War were multi-faceted:

1. British Expansion: The British East India Company sought to expand its territorial control in India and viewed Mysore as a potential obstacle to its ambitions. Mysore, under the rule of Tipu Sultan, had become a regional power, challenging British influence.
2. French Alliance: Tipu Sultan had formed an alliance with the French, who were rivals of the British in India. This alliance alarmed the British and added to the growing tensions between Mysore and the East India Company.
3. Trade and Territory Disputes: There were conflicts over trade and territorial control, with both Mysore and the British seeking dominance in the region. The British aimed to secure their trade routes and protect their interests, while Tipu Sultan sought to maintain Mysore’s independence and expand his kingdom’s territory.

Course of the War: The war began in 1780 when Tipu Sultan launched an offensive against the British. Initially, he achieved significant victories, capturing several British-held forts and territories. Tipu Sultan’s forces were well-disciplined and equipped with modern weaponry, including the use of rockets.

The British, led by General Sir Eyre Coote, faced initial setbacks but regrouped and launched a counteroffensive. They managed to recapture some of the lost territories and defeated Tipu Sultan’s forces in several battles. The war witnessed several fierce engagements, including the Battle of Pollilur and the Siege of Arcot.

The war was characterized by both sides employing innovative tactics. Tipu Sultan used rocket artillery, which was a relatively new technology at the time, to devastating effect. The British, in response, improved their military strategies and adapted to Mysore’s guerilla warfare tactics.

Towards the later stages of the war, the tide turned in favor of the British as they received reinforcements and support from their allies. The British forces besieged the capital city of Srirangapatna, which was a significant stronghold of Tipu Sultan. The siege lasted for several months, and in May 1799, the British breached the city’s defenses and captured Srirangapatna. Tipu Sultan died defending the city during the final assault.

Treaty of Seringapatam: The Treaty of Seringapatam, signed in March 1792, marked the end of the Second Anglo-Mysore War. The terms of the treaty were harsh for Tipu Sultan and Mysore. Tipu Sultan had to cede significant territories, pay a large indemnity to the British, and give up hostages, including his sons, as guarantees of compliance with the treaty.

Significance and Impact: The Second Anglo-Mysore War had significant implications:

• British Expansion: The British East India Company’s victory in the war solidified their control over parts of southern India and weakened the power and influence of Mysore.
• Loss of Territory and Resources: Mysore suffered territorial losses, with significant portions of its territory being ceded to the British. The loss of resources and revenue impacted the economy and stability of the kingdom.
• Tipu Sultan’s Death: Tipu Sultan’s death during the war was a significant blow to Mysore. He was a charismatic and capable ruler, and his demise marked the end of Mysore’s strong resistance against British expansion.
• Future Conflicts