The Anglo-Sikh Wars were a series of conflicts fought between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company in the mid-19th century. These wars resulted in the annexation of the Sikh Empire and the establishment of direct British control over Punjab.

First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846): Causes:

• British Expansionism: The British East India Company sought to extend its control over the Indian subcontinent and viewed the Sikh Empire as an obstacle to their ambitions.
• Disputes over Territory: The Sikh Empire had territorial conflicts with neighboring states, particularly with the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. The British took advantage of these disputes to intervene and gain influence.

A Course of the War:

1. An outbreak of Hostilities: The war began in December 1845 when the Sikh army attacked a British garrison in Multan. The conflict quickly escalated, and battles were fought in various regions of Punjab.
2. Battles and Sieges: Several significant battles took place, including the Battle of Mudki, the Battle of Ferozeshah, and the Battle of Sobraon. The British faced fierce resistance from the Sikh forces, but they managed to secure victories in these engagements.
3. Treaty of Lahore: The war concluded with the Treaty of Lahore in March 1846. According to the treaty, the Sikh Empire ceded significant territories to the British, including the Jullundur Doab, Kashmir, and parts of the Sikh heartland.