In a final attempt to save the dynasty and partly in response to forced pressure, the Manchu rulers during 1901-1911 projected a series of reforms, which emphasized.
– Railroad construction
– Modernization of the military services
– Public education
– Liberalization of the political structure.

In 1905, the ancient civil-services examinations were formally abolished, preparatory to erecting a modern education system. But the provincial governors who initiated implementing the program was lift did little about it. Many ambitious Chinese youths went abroad to Study, mainly in Japan, a country that had provided a haven for Chinese revolutionary expatriates.

The government announced plans for a gradual transition to a Constitutional regime with an elected parliament and, as a first step in this direction, established provincial assembles in 1909.  Although these assemblies were not democratically elected and were intended to be only debating Societies, they vociferated so loudly that the government deceived it expedient to summon a National Assembly the following year.

The National Assembly of 1910 was devised as a bulwark of conservation, with half its members directly appointed by the emperor. However, it criticized the government and demanded more rapid reform. After almost disintegrating and passing through a cycle of rendition, China emerged with radically altered institutions, but once again, as one of the most vital states in Asia.
China, for the first time in its history, was in a position to assume a significant role in the world position.