With the breakup of the Ottoman Empire, west Asian nations saw a vision of Independence, and a chance to throw off all traces of foreign domination.

Nationalist Movements.

These movements gained control of governments often in defiance of the religious authorities. This was proceeded by programs of modernization, for building highways, railroads, and schools, Subsidizing industries, and sponsoring scientific agriculture and land reform.

They encountered problems of ignorance, corruption, vested interests, and foreign meddling.

Turkey

Turkey having High population. In 1914 Turkey in Europe reduced to Istanbul. Turkey in Asia still included a vast area from the western border of Persia to the Mediterranean Sea.

Treaty of Severs, deprived the empire of everything except Istanbul and the Northern and Central portions of Asia Minor. Before, this treaty could be put into effect a group of nationalists, under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, reconquered much of the best territory. In 1923, proclaimed Turkey & republic.

Treaty of Lausanne

In this permitted the Turks to practically retain all the lands they had reconquered. The new state included Anatolia, Asmeria, and eastern Thrace but none of the outlying territories of Mesopotamian, Arabic, or Pabrik on Syria.