The Third Anglo-Mysore War was a conflict between the Kingdom of Mysore, ruled by Tipu Sultan, and the British East India Company. The war took place from 1790 to 1792 and was a continuation of the ongoing hostilities between Mysore and the British over territorial control and trade interests in southern India.

Causes of the War: The causes of the Third Anglo-Mysore War were rooted in the complex dynamics between Mysore and the British East India Company:

1. British Expansion: The British sought to expand their territorial control in India and viewed Mysore as a major obstacle to their ambitions. They aimed to weaken and subdue Mysore to secure their trade routes and protect their interests in the region.
2. Tipu Sultan’s Ambitions: Tipu Sultan, the ruler of Mysore, was determined to resist British influence and maintain the independence of his kingdom. He saw the British as a threat to Mysore’s sovereignty and sought to expand his territory and influence in the region.
3. Previous Conflicts and Tensions: The previous wars between Mysore and the British, especially the Second Anglo-Mysore War, had left unresolved issues and simmering tensions. Both sides had grievances and were eager to settle scores.

Course of the War: The war began in 1790 when the British, under the command of General Sir William Medows, launched a coordinated offensive against Mysore. They formed alliances with neighboring states and mobilized their forces to weaken Tipu Sultan’s position.

The British initially faced stiff resistance from Mysorean forces, which were well-equipped and led by Tipu Sultan himself. Tipu Sultan employed innovative tactics, including the use of rockets and trench warfare, to defend his territories.

The war witnessed several significant battles, including the Siege of Bangalore and the Battle of Seedaseer. The British forces faced challenges in penetrating deep into Mysore due to the difficult terrain and fierce Mysorean resistance.

However, the tide turned in favor of the British when they received reinforcements and gained support from local allies who had grievances against Tipu Sultan’s rule. The British launched a successful assault on Srirangapatna, the capital of Mysore, and captured it in May 1791.

Following the capture of Srirangapatna, Tipu Sultan was forced to sign the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792, marking the end of the war. The terms of the treaty were harsh for Mysore. Tipu Sultan had to cede significant territories to the British, pay a large indemnity, and surrender two of his sons as hostages.